The blood contains 5 to 7 grams of fat per liter. These lipids are bound to proteins , lipoproteins, which are responsible for transporting them.
There are four types of lipoproteins:
- chylomicrons , which transport lipids from the intestine in different organs.
- LDL (Low Density Lipoproteins) or low density lipoproteins that carry the bulk of cholesterol.LDL cholesterol is often called "bad" cholesterol because it is one of those responsible for the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries.
- VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoproteins) or very low density lipoprotein, also rich in triglycerides.
- HDL (High Density Lipoproteins) or high density lipoproteins that transport mainly phospholipids and some cholesterol. HDL cholesterol is considered "good" cholesterol because it protects the arteries against atherosclerosis.
- LDL (Low Density Lipoproteins) or low density lipoproteins that carry the bulk of cholesterol.LDL cholesterol is often called "bad" cholesterol because it is one of those responsible for the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries.
- VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoproteins) or very low density lipoprotein, also rich in triglycerides.
- HDL (High Density Lipoproteins) or high density lipoproteins that transport mainly phospholipids and some cholesterol. HDL cholesterol is considered "good" cholesterol because it protects the arteries against atherosclerosis.
Triglycerides
Triglycerides are fats in the blood. Their blood levels may be higher in a diet that contains too much sugar, alcohol, or due to obesity. Triglyceride must be regularly performed in case of use of oral contraceptives.
Cholesterol
When measuring the "cholesterol", it actually measures the rate of lipoproteins that transport cholesterol and other fats in the blood.
| Male | Male | |
| Total cholesterol | 1.5 to 2.5 g / l | 1.5 to 2.5 g / l |
| HDL-cholesterol | 0.4 g / l | 0.5 g / l |
| LDL-cholesterol | <1.30 to 1.60 g / l | <1.30 to 1.60 g / l |
| Triglycerides | 0.45 to 1.75 g / l | 0.35 to 1.4 g / l |
| Apolipoprotein A | 1.20 g / l | 1.20 g / l |
| Apolipoprotein B | 1.30 g / l | 1.20 g / l |
LDL-cholesterol levels of less than 1.60 g / l and should be less than 1.30 g / l if the presence of cardiac risk factors.
The balance of blood lipids should be performed after an overnight fast.
The balance of blood lipids should be performed after an overnight fast.
Apolipoproteins
These are proteins on the surface of lipoproteins, and whose rate is significantly different levels of blood fats. The apolipoprotein A1 are located in the particles that contain cholesterol HDL.Apolipoprotein B is in particles that contain cholesterol, LDL and VLDL and chylomicrons.
| Male | Male | |
| Apolipoprotein A1 | 1.20 to 1.60 g / l | 1.30 to 2.10 g / l |
| Apolipoprotein B | 0.50 to 1.30 g / l | 0.50 to 1.20 g / l |
Increase in apolipoprotein A1: alcohol, pregnancy.
Increased apolipoprotein B hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes, kidney failure, liver disease, obesity, smoking, pregnancy.
Decreased apolipoprotein A1: hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, anemia, liver diseases.
Reduction of apolipoprotein B: physical activity.
Increased apolipoprotein B hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes, kidney failure, liver disease, obesity, smoking, pregnancy.
Decreased apolipoprotein A1: hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, anemia, liver diseases.
Reduction of apolipoprotein B: physical activity.
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